mengmaxinwen·dongfangjinbaojianxijizhe wanglin/wen shouxijizhe yuanxiaoqiang/tu shipin shixisheng zhaojunge/jianji

核心提示：垃圾分类，对垃圾减量化与绿色发展不是小事儿，但对大多数中国人而言也不是新鲜事儿。从2000年在全国一些地方推行，到19年后仍然在一些试点城市推进缓慢，很多人对各种垃圾依然“傻傻分不清”。

sheidouzhidaolajifenleishihaoshi，dancongguannianrentongdaoxingdongshishi，conglijiedaozhichidaozhudongcanyu，rengyoumanzhangguocheng。erjijiangjinru“lajifenleiqiangzhishidai”dezhengzhouyouyounaxieluyaozou？cong“yaowofen”dao“woyaofen”，zhengzhougairuhepojiezheidaobikao“nanti”？

探究一：全国由点及面19年逐步推进，为何城市群众获得感不强？

zaozai2000nian，quanguolajifenleigongzuojiuyiqidong，you8geshidianchengshi，dao26geshifanchengshi（qu），zaidao46gezhongdianchengshi，lajifenleigongzuoyoudianjimianzhubutuijin。2017nianzhengzhouyeburulajifenleide“dajun”。2018nianchu，zhujianbuyinfatongzhi，yaoqiu2018nian3yuediqian，46gezhongdianchengshiyaochutaishenghuolajifenleiguanlishishifanganhuoxingdongjihua。2019nianqi，quanguodijijiyishangchengshiquanmianqidongshenghuolajifenleigongzuo。

cengyoumeitibaodao，muqian，quanguozongtidelajifenleifugaifanweihaihenyouxian，yixiechengshirengtingliuzaijichucengmian，xianxingde46gezhongdianchengshijinzhanquanguochengshishuliangde7%zuoyou，tongshizhei46gezhongdianchengshidejinzhanbupingheng，youdechengshiqunzhongzailajifenleifangmiandehuodeganbingbuqiang。

“zhixiaolvdi、toufangzhunquelvdi、ziyuanliyonglvdishilajifenleidesanda‘lanluhu’。”yiweicongshizhihuilajifenleichuligongzuodeshiminzhaoxianshengbiaoshi，lajibufenlei，yanxiaqingsong，danzhangqideshengtaihuanjing、tudiziyuanchengbenbukeguliang，zheizhongchengbenyidingshiquanshehuigongdande。yezhengshizaizheigeyiyishang，xianglajifenleizheiyangdegonggongzhengceguigendaodishiyizhongyouguanfazhande“hesuan”：zenyangdetourushiyouxiaode？zenyangdeqianhouduanfengongcainengchansheng“zhengxiaoying”？zenyangnengrangshehuichengbenzuidi？zheixiedouyaojingguoshijianmanmantansuo。

探究二：推进生活垃圾分类，郑州还有哪些难题需要解决？

“ninjuedezaizhengzhouquanmiantuixinglajifenlei，zhuyaomianlindekunnanshishenme？lajifenlei，ninqiwangyongnazhongyindaofangshi？”7yue14ri，jizhebawentipaojileyiweizhengjianghewandeyinliaobeirengjinlajitongdenvshi。“tigaodajialajifenleideyishi，zhiqiandajiayijingxiguanlefangzaiyiqidiudiao，turanfenkaihenbuxiguan，erqiedajiayebuzhidaozhengzhoujutidefenleibiaozhun”tahuidadao。

henanlvsezhongyuanhuanjingbaohuxiehuilvzonglajifenleixiangmufuzerenkuangjietanyan，congquanguolaikan，zhengzhoutuixinglajifenleishifanyingbijiaokuaideyibo，danfenleishidianshuliangshangdezengzhangyuzhiliangshangdetigaoshibupipeide。lajifenleibushi“duanpingkuai”xiangmu，tatebiexuyaoyirenzhenwushidetaidushenruyanjiu、shenkelijielajiwentidechengyin，conggenyuanshangliqingxianghujiujiedegezhongyinsu，caikenengduizhengxiayao、yaodaobingchu。

zhengzhoushichengshiguanlijuxiangguanfuzerenwangfushentanyan，muqianzaizhengzhouquanmiantuixinglajifenlei，zhuyaodewentihenantijiushixuanchuanfadongbudaowei。juminshenghuolajifenleideyishixuyaotigao，meiyoupubianyangchenglajifenleideyishi。duoshurenhaishianzhao“bianli、suiyi”dexiguansuiyihunhetoufang。qici，moduandechulinengliyeshishishihaoshenghuolajifenleidejichuheguanjian。congfenleitoufang、qingyun、chulidengtixidouxuyaojinyibuwanshan，xingchengyigewanzhengdebihuan，zhenzhengdezuodaolajichulidejianlianghua、wuhaihua、ziyuanhua。

“zhengzhoushilajifenleinantizaiyujiakuaijingmaichanyeyuanjianshe。yinjinjingmaichanyezuihaoyouzerenrenjimingquedezerendanbao。”kuangjiejianyi，zhengfushouquqiyegaoededanbaojin，dabudaochengnuoxiaoguoyaorenzhenjinxingzerenzhuijiuyujingjichufa。

探究三：市民的垃圾分类意识是重点也是难点，将来如何提高？

“zaoshangshangbanqianrenglajishi，meitiandouyouchuanlvmajiadedayetixingwolajiyaofenlei。gangkaishizongshijibuzhu，meiyouzheigeyishi，beitixingdeduole，xianzaidoufenlei。”zaijizhejitianlaidejiecaizhong，shiminxunvshicheng“beitixing”gaibianletafenleilajidexiguan。

erzaizoufangzhongyuanqutongbolu191haoyuanshi，jizhefaxianyougefangfajishoujuminhuanyingqiexiaoguomingxian。“zhiqianjuedelajifenleitingmafande，zhuyaoshipingshiyemeishijian，danshixiaoqulishezhilezheigeleisizhuoyoudeyouxi，peihaizilaiwan，lejiededuole，juedehaishitingyoubiyaode，xianzaijialidelajidoushifenleitoufangde。”juminlinvshizaipeinverwanyikuanlajifenleidetoufangyouxishishuodao，chengxianzainverxuexiaoyezaitichanglajifenlei，6suidenverzaijialiyanranshigexiaoxiaojianduyuan。

jizhekandao，zheikuanyouxidekapianhuaderichangshenghuolajiyoujishizhong，xiaopengyoumenbabutongdelajifenleitoufangdaobutongdelajitongli，youxijieshutamenjiukeyidedaoyixieqianbi、caibizhileidewenjuzuoweijiangpin。

“tuijinlajifenleihaishiyaoxiangshiminzuohaoxuanchuanpujiba，lajiyaozenmefen，fenleihoudelajizuizhongqulenali、ruhezailiyong，jiangqidaonaxieshengtaixiaoyinghehuanjingxiaoying，womenlejielezheixiezhihou，yehuiganjuezijidexingweishiyouyiyide，caihuizhudongyuanyiquzuo。”38suideshiminzhaoxianshengdehuayinqilehenduorendegongming。

kuangjieyebiaoshi，lajifenleixuyaoshenrujinxingshehuidongyuan，kaidongsuoyoudexuanchuanjiqiweilajifenlei“saoqingzhangai、kaipidaolu”。yigeyouzhongrenzhizaodewentibiranyaozhongrendongshoucainengjiejue。youqianti、youjizhi、youshuoli、youbanfa，shimindelajifenleiyishijianlishifenfenzhongdeshi。

探究四：科技为垃圾分类“赋能”，成为破解难题的“新武器”

shuazhinengka、anxiafeizhifenleikoudeanniu，jiangdabaohaodegezhongfeijiubaozhuangzhitoufangruxiang、zidongchengzhong、jifenruka……jinnian62suidelaotaitaicaozuoxiaoqumenkoudezhinengkehuishoulajifenleixiangyiqihecheng。tagaosujizhe，zijidekashangganggangyouduole130duofen。

“guanfangchuyigeappwokendinghuixiazai，buzhidaozenmefenleideshihou，yishurulajimingzihuozheyishangchuanlajizhaopianlimaxianshizhengquedaan，ruguozaijiashangdiulajidingshitixinggongnengjiugenghaole。”shiminwuxianshengrenwei“haocaozuo”shizhengzhouweilaituixinglajifenleideguanjian。

zhihuilajifenleichulixitongyunyingshangfuzerenwunvshizhenduitongbolu191haoyuandelajifenleixiangjizhejieshao，juminshiyongde“hulianwang lajihuishou＂zhinengshebei，meihuyouyizhangzhinengka，diulajishishuakahuosaomakaixiang，fenmenbieleiditoufang。zhinenglajitonghuijinxingzidongchengzhong，meicitoufangwanhou，jumindezhinengkazhonghuiyouxiangyingdejifen，keyiduihuanshenghuoriyongpin。houtainenggouxiangxidetongjidaojuminlajifenleidegezhongshuju，yonghulajifenleiqingkuang、meiyuekehuishoulajifenleizongliang、toufangfangshizhanbi、yonghucanyudupincifenxi、toufangshijianduanfenxideng，shenzhilianyonghuduihuanlipindepianhaodouyimuleran。

zaizoufangzhong，jizhefaxianhenduoxiaoqudelajifenleigongzuoyijingyuelaiyueyoujishuhanliang。shoujiyingyongshangdianzhenduilajifenleidegezhongapp、xiaochengxudengcengchubuqiongbingriyigaijin，ranghenduomianduilajifenleibuzhisuocuodejuminyoule“biaozhundaan”，bingtongguojifenduihuandengfangshixiyinjuminzhudongcanyu。

julejie，duoshudiqumuqianzaizhongduanketongguodashujushixianduilajipinlei、didian、shuliangdeshishijiankong，zaimoduanyekeyiranglajiliuxiangjiziyuanhualiyongleruzhizhang，hulianwang＋zhinengzhengzaichengweipojielajifenleinantideyixiang“xinwuqi”。

探究五：政策推行要给公众留出适应空间，更要一鼓作气、果断坚决

   duizhengzhoudelajifenleihuiyoushenmeyangdexinqidai？

kuangjiedehuidazhiyouliugezi，“haohaozuo，zuodehao。”tatanyan，lajifenleiqishishibeishuiyizhandeyichangyingzhang，womendeziyuanhuanjingfuzaidouburongxuzheichangyingzhangshibai。tashiguanwomenshengtaiwenmingzhuanxingshibushinenggouchenggong。zailajifenleizheigeliantiaoshangdemeiyifenzi，wulunshizhengfu、qiye、minzhong、minjianzuzhi，douxuyaofahuigeziyoushi，weizheichangyingzhangtigongzhulierbushizuli。

zhengzhoushichengshiguanlijuxiangguanfuzerenbiaoshi，chuletigaoguangdashimindelajifenleiyishi，wanshanxiangguanfalvtixiyeshibibukeshaode。shanghaishenghuolajifenleiguanlitiaolideshishi，yiweizhelajifenleizaiwoguoyijingbeinarufazhitixi。gedituixinglajifenleizuijuweishelide“wuqi”yiranshifakuan。zhengzhouyejijiangzaijinniande9yuedichutaixiangguanzhengce，danshifakuanbushimude，zhishiweileyindaominzhonggenghaodezhixinglajifenlei。

一位多年从事政务工作的宋先生也积极表示，出台政策虽然划出一道硬杠杠，但立法的过程本身就是酝酿探讨的过程，也是形成共识的过程。政策形成过程要有吸收接纳，也要循序渐进，给公众留出适应时间；但推进过程要一鼓作气、果断坚决，不能在反复、犹疑中消磨公众参与的热情。像垃圾分类这样大方向上看准了的事，形成共识后要考虑的就是如何在操作层面务实地展开。